The Importance of a Clear Specification:

Prepare, Apply and Control with Precision

In the coatings industry, a clear specification is far more than a simple costing tool. It is a true roadmap that defines expectations, reduces the risk of errors, and streamlines coordination between all stakeholders. Whether it concerns fabrication, surface preparation, coating application, or quality control, clarity in specifications is essential to ensure project success.

The Risks of Ambiguous Specifications

A poorly written specification can lead to misunderstandings, delays, disputes and significant cost overruns. Here are some common risk areas and ways to clarify them:

  • Weld Preparation: A vague statement such as “All welding defects must be removed” lacks precision.
    • Issue: Welding standards do not always address cleanliness or weld spatter.
    • Solution: Add precise references, such as the removal of spatter in accordance with SSPC-SP2 and SP3, and rely on standardized visuals like SSPC VIS-3.
  • Subjective Terminology: General terms like “clean” or “well-prepared” are open to interpretation.
    • Issue: These terms can lead to inconsistent understanding.
    • Solution: Replace them with recognized measurable standards (ISO, NACE, SSPC). Clearly specify the required outcome, for example a surface cleanliness in accordance with SSPC SP-10 / SA 2½.
  • Time Before Coating Application: Setting rigid deadlines such as “The coating must be applied within 4 hours of preparation” can be unrealistic.
    • Solution: Specify that the surface must meet defined standards (for example, be free of contaminants) at the time of application, regardless of the elapsed time.

Avoid the Pitfalls of Old Specifications

It is common practice to reuse specifications from previous projects by simple copy-and-paste. This can result in:

  • Outdated References: Some standards, such as the CGSB, have not been updated since 2006.
  • Discontinued Products: Some coatings mentioned in older specifications may no longer be available after 10 or 15 years.

Avoid writing “apply according to the manufacturer’s technical data sheet.”
Coating manufacturers’ data sheets provide general information on surface preparation and application. They cannot account for every equipment design or environmental condition. For example, a specification might need to include additional details for a specific coating that must resist a high-pH cleaning product. The project specification always takes precedence over the manufacturer’s technical data sheet.

The Importance of Independent Quality Control

The durability and performance of coatings directly depend on the quality of execution. Here is why rigorous quality control is essential:

  • Hire a Certified Experience Inspector: An independent inspector (AMPP/NACE) should oversee large-scale projects.
    • Inspector’s Role: Participate early in the project, request clarification on any ambiguous points in the specification, and provide detailed written reports.
    • Benefit: These reports can serve as evidence in case of disputes.
  • Reports for Smaller Projects: Even for small jobs, request signed reports from the applicator, including photos and measurements taken with calibrated instruments. This reinforces transparency and reliability.

“Equivalent” Products

Specifications often include the phrase “or equivalent product.” Even when products share the same chemical description, such as epoxy, it does not mean their performance, resistance or other attributes are equivalent. If you are not a specialist, consult experts to determine whether a product truly qualifies as an equivalent.

Coating Failures

A study of 130 major cases conducted between 2000 and 2023 found that:

  • Applicators were responsible for about 45% of the failures.
  • The specification itself was at fault in just over 20% of the cases.
  • 30% of projects had no inspector at all, 53% had some type of inspection but with unknown qualifications, and only 17% had an AMPP/NACE inspector.

 

In one case, where coating and application costs were about $120,000, the project’s total cost rose to $2.8 million because the applied coating had to be removed and correctly reapplied. This figure does not include lost production time due to the delay.

Final Advice: Have Your Specification Reviewed

Before finalizing a specification, submit it to surface-preparation or coating experts. These professionals:

  • Quickly identify ambiguous or outdated wording.
  • Ensure your specification complies with current standards and is suited to products available on the market.

Galvatech is there to guide you.

Conclusion: A Profitable Investment

A clear, precise specification is an investment in the success of your projects. It reduces misunderstandings, prevents disputes, and strengthens customer satisfaction.
In a field where precision is critical, a well-written specification ensures optimal execution while reinforcing your reputation.

Choose detailed specifications, transparent communication and rigorous quality control. Your projects, partners and clients will thank you.

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